Of Protestantism’s problems (of which there are many), one which does not provoke sufficient comment is its account of doctrinal development. For many Protestants, the very idea of such a concept seems patently illegitimate and unbiblical—how could doctrine develop? Isn’t that akin to saying that Christianity is subject to evolutionary forces, that it is not…

Assaults on the city of Rome, the See of Peter, have not been infrequent over the course of the millennia. Attila attempted. But he failed when he came into the formidable presence of Leo, called “the Great,” resulting in a dramatic volte-face. Napoleon conquered Rome in 1809. The Italian Nationalists of the Risorgimento mounted attacks…